You may hear your baby’s heart beating
If you have an ultrasound this week, your baby’s heartbeat may be picked up for the first time [1]! At this point the heart is still forming, but it’s already beating.
During this period of development, your baby’s vital organs and systems are forming.
Dark spots appear in the upper part of the face and will soon become eyes, but the beginnings of the retina and optic nerves already appear. Dimples on the sides of the head will turn into ears [2].
The spinal cord, spine, muscles, and skin are formed. Arms also begin to form, developing sooner than the legs.
The central nervous system forms connections with the muscles, allowing the fetus to begin moving. Their movements are so subtle, even the most attentive mother would not be able to feel them.
The baby’s brain is also actively developing, and the head quickly increases in size. Five folds form in the neural tube, which correspond to the five parts of the brain [1].
The gastrointestinal tract is also developing, including the pharynx, esophagus, and stomach. The liver and pancreas also develop, while the middle section of the intestine extends toward the umbilical cord. From the lower part of the intestinal tube, the rectum and urogenital sinus will form and develop into the prostate and bladder [3].
At this stage, the trachea begins to form, the first part of the respiratory system [1].
On the sides of the kidneys, the genital glands begin to develop [1].
The placenta is also busy developing. By the end of the week, it will be about 11 mm thick and its blood supply will increase [1].
What we can see on an ultrasound
This photo captures the development of twins. The fetal eggs occupy almost half of the uterus, seen as a rim of light, surrounded by a thick layer which is the endometrium.
The amniotic septum separating fetal eggs is visible, which means each twin has its own sac and will develop separately; on its own, this doesn’t tell whether they are identical or fraternal.
The embryos themselves are not visible in the picture, but their fetal sacs can be seen (each has its own). Thanks to these sacs, the fetus receives proteins, trace minerals, and amino acids. In the photo, they are marked with the letters A and B.
At this point in pregnancy the diagnosis of "twins" cannot yet be considered final, as there is a mysterious (but by no means rare) phenomenon known as the missing twin syndrome. At the beginning of pregnancy, a woman can have two or even three embryos in her uterus, but then only one develops, with no trace of the second remaining.
amniotic septum
fetal egg
In the next picture, the baby lies on its back surrounded by a dark cloud — this is amniotic fluid. The profile of a round head and an oval body are visible. The narrowing between the head and the body — the place where a tiny neck will soon appear — is already noticeable, although a bit fuzzy.
embryo head
amniotic fluid
the body of the embryo
