During pregnancy, headaches can be brought on by different things. Some are easy to fix, such as dehydration, but others can be a sign of further complications. In addition, the medications typically used to treat headaches might not always be safe for the baby.
How do I know if it’s not just a headache?
If you had headaches before pregnancy, and they’ve maintained their frequency and intensity [1], there is probably no reason to worry, but you should still report them to your doctor. If you didn’t have headaches before or if they’ve changed since becoming pregnant, discuss them with your physician as soon as possible [1]. Headaches, especially after 20 weeks, may be a sign of preeclampsia [2]. If there is a suspicion of preeclampsia, your doctor will look for additional signs.
I have fewer headaches now that I’m pregnant. Why is that?
Up to 75% of women who have migraine headaches experience significant relief during their first pregnancy. Unfortunately (and for reasons not yet understood), repeated pregnancies do not offer the same relief [1].
What headache medications can I take?
All medicines (including herbal remedies) can be unsafe, but if the pain is unbearable, talk to your doctor. They will help you understand how to get the most relief with as little risk to your baby as possible.
Paracetamol is considered the drug of choice for pregnant women. However, its use is associated with the likelihood of asthma and ADHD for the child.
Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the first trimester can increase the risk of miscarriage. In the last trimester, they may be associated with a higher risk of cerebral palsy or impaired kidney function in the child. The second trimester seems to be the safest time to use them.
Aspirin in the last trimester can lead to oligohydramnios (too little amniotic fluid) and bleeding.
Triptans (usually prescribed for migraines) should be avoided in the first trimester. These drugs are not effective for tension headaches [1].
What can I do?
The best advice is almost too simple. Try to avoid the conditions that lead to headaches. Get enough sleep, stay hydrated, eat regularly, and avoid stressful situations [1].
Acupuncture (massage or acupuncture of reflex points) and biofeedback (which helps the body remember and reproduce states in which there is no pain) may provide relief to some [1].
