In the early stages of breastfeeding (BF), 80–90% of nursing moms have sore, inflamed, cracked, or painful nipples. Women from all over the world quit BF primarily for this reason [1].
What causes cracks?
Incorrect latching is the primary cause of painful and cracked nipples. Finding a suitable posture for mom and baby, together with the assistance of a BF consultant, almost always solves the issue.
The second reason is that using soap and other harsh hygiene procedures might cause the nipples to become too dry and injured [1].
Rarely, tongue tie causes a newborn to be unable to latch. Pain might also result from a staphylococcal or Candida fungal infection [1].
How do I know that I have cracks and not other injuries?
All nipple injuries sustained during feeding are collectively referred to as cracks. An abrasion, a blister, mild redness, and swelling on the nipple and areola can all be symptoms of a nipple injury. All of these are actually cracks. Regardless of the term, assistance is necessary to ensure that mother and child are comfortable while breastfeeding [1].
Can the infant be fed if the cracks bleed?
It is not dangerous for a newborn to have blood in their milk [2]. If it hurts so terribly that nursing is difficult, you can use nipple shields. They will protect the nipple and greatly relieve pain [3]. Ask your BF consultant how to use the nipple shields correctly. If the cracks bleed, consult a doctor; she will perform a test to ensure there is no infection (and may give antibiotics if necessary) [2].
How do I treat cracked nipples?
Breast milk and lanolin are considered the safest "ointments." They are not dangerous to the baby. They do not need to be washed off before feeding; therefore, their use does not cause further nipple discomfort [1, 2]. There are other herbal ointments that help relieve pain. Gel pads and cabbage leaves can also help alleviate discomfort.
Standard hygiene rules can alleviate cracked nipples:
If you wear breast pads, replace them more frequently.
When possible, keep your chest open.
Shower every day (but do not clean your nipples before each feeding).
If there is an infection and antibiotics are prescribed, the doctor will most likely recommend further wound treatment options.
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